Parallel Construction

Maret 23, 2017

Parallel Construction

In a grammar, parallelism, also known as parallel structure or parallel construction, is a balance within one or more sentences of similiar phrases or clauses that have the same grammatical structure. The application of parallelism improves writing style and readability, and is thought to make sentences easier to process.

Sentences element that are a like in function should also be a like in construction. These elements should be in the same grammatical form so that they are parallel.

Paralelisme dalam tata bahasa dikenal dengan nama struktur pararel atau konstruksi pararel, merupakan keseimbangan dalam satu frase serupa atau lebih kalimat frase serupa atau klausa yang memiliki struktur gramatikal yang sama. Dalam penerapan, pararelisme ini memiliki tujuan agar kalimat tata bahasa lebih mudah untuk dipahami dengan meningkatkan gaya penulisan dan pembacaan.

Kalimat elemen yang seperti fungsi juga harus menjadi seperti dalam konstruksi. Elemen – elemen ini harus dalam bentuk gramatikal yang sama sehingga mereka sejajar.

Using parallel structure in your writing will help with

1) economy 2) clarity 3) equality 4) delight

Here are some examples of parallel elements

These elements, on the other hand, are not parallel

Used in a sentence, they create a jarring effect and produce writing with unclear emphasis and meaning. We call such an error "faulty parallelism."

Writers generally use parallelism as a technique in the following five ways.

Digunakan dalam suatu kalimat, mereka menciptakan efek dan melakukan penulisan dengan penekan dan makna yang jelas.

Penulis umumnya menggunakan paralelisme sebagai teknik dalam lima cara berikut:

1. With elements joined by coordinating conjunctions, especially and, but, and or.

Dengan penggabungan elemen, mengkoordinasikan konjungsi, terutama: dan, tapi, atau.

Examples of parallel words

Examples of parallel phrases

Examples of parallel clauses

The examples below show how to repair faulty parallelism.

Example #1

Example #2

2. Use parallel structure with elements in lists or in a series.

Menggunakan struktur paralel dengan unsur-unsur dalam daftar atau seri.

A series is a group of three or more elements in a row. The last element in the series is connected to the others with one of these coordinating conjunctions: and, or, but (not), or yet (not).

Commas should be placed between each element in the series and before the coordinating conjunction.

Serangkaian kelompok dari tiga atau lebih elemen berturut-turut. Elemen terakhir dalam seri terhubung ke orang lain dengan salah satu konjungsi koordinasi: dan, atau, tetapi (tidak), atau belum (tidak).

Koma harus ditempatkan di antara setiap elemen dalam seri dan sebelum hubungannya koordinasi.

Examples of series

As the examples below show, a series whose components are not in parallel format sounds awkward and may cause misunderstanding.

Example #1

Example #2

Note that in the corrected versions of example #2, you may choose to repeat the "to" or to omit it.

3. Use parallel structure with elements being compared. (X is more than / better than Y)

When we compare things, we often use words such as more, less, better, and worse, We connect the items being compared with words like as and than.

Menggunakan struktur paralel dengan elemen yang dibandingkan. (X lebih dari / lebih baik dari Y)

Ketika kita membandingkan hal, kita sering menggunakan kata-kata seperti lebih, kurang, lebih baik, dan lebih buruk, Kita hubungkan item yang dibandingkan dengan kata-kata seperti sebagai dan dari.

Note the comparison methods in the examples below.

The elements being compared are parallel to one another:
            driving is parallel to flying
            Miriam's ability to is parallel to her resolve to
How you live  is parallel to how much money you make
     Comparing items without using parallel structure may cause confusion about what is being compared to what.

Repair faulty parallelism in comparisons by making one element of the comparison parallel to the other.

    Note that you may choose to change either element to match the other.

4. Use parallel structure with elements joined by a linking verb or a verb of being.

Joining elements with linking verbs or verbs of being suggests a completing of the first item by the second one. Often, in fact, an equality between the two is being set up, as the examples below illustrate.

Menggunakan struktur paralel dengan gabungan elemen menggunakan kata kerja menghubungkan atau kata kerja menjadi.

Gabungan elemen dengan menghubungkan verba atau kata kerja dari makhluk menunjukkan penyelesaian dari item pertama dengan yang kedua. Seringkali, pada kenyataannya, sebuah persamaan antara kedua sedang diatur, sebagai contoh di bawah menggambarkan.

Repair faulty parallelism with linking verbs or verbs of being by making one element of the equation parallel to the other.

5. Use parallel structure with elements joined by a correlative conjunction.

Menggunakan struktur paralel dengan elemen bergabung dengan konjungsi korelatif.

These are the major correlative conjunctions:
              either / or           neither / nor           both / and        not only / but also

Correlative conjunctions work in pairs.

Whatever grammatical structure follows one must be parallel to the grammatical structure that follows the other.

Examples with either / or and neither / nor